Platform
Linux running on x86 and x86-64 machines.
Available in
English
Development status
Active
Type
Disk snapshot (computer storage) software
License
Freeware
Website
Hot Copy Home
Hot Copy (hcp) is an online disk snapshots application for Linux computers, produced by R1Soft. Hot Copy creates point-in-time snapshots of a disk while it is running Linux and is similar to the snapshot feature of Linux LVM2.
Contents
//
Features
HotCopy can:
Create online disk snapshots while a Linux computer is running.
Take snapshots so that the computer's file układ is in a consistent state.
Use a copy-on-write snapshot method to efficiently grow snapshot storage as changes are made.
Crate writable and read-only snapshots
Work without dedicated snapshot storage using unused portions of the computers disk to store changed disk blocks.
Implementation
Hot Copy is implemented as Linux block device driver and is distributed as a loadable kernel module and command line utility (hcp). Hot Copy filters reads and writes to the real disk and performs a copy-on-write when changes are made to the disk. Unused areas of the hard disk are used to store changed blocks in odznaczenie to maintain a point-in-time snapshot.
Compared to Logical Volume Manager Snapshots
Hot Copy has several differences when compared to Logical Volume Manager snapshots:
In odznaczenie to use LVM the computer's file ustrój must be located on an LVM Volume Group. Many Linux computers do not use LVM. Hot Copy can work with any Linux block device.
When LVM is used the computer's root device may not be located on LVM making it ineligible for LVM snapshots.
LVM requires dedicated physical snapshot storage for changed blocks. This requires that the server zarządca configure LVM when the organizm is set-up in a way that reserves special storage for LVM snapshots.
LVM is licensed under an Open source license.
Limitations
Hot Copy is limited to creating only one snapshot per block device at a time.
Hot Copy does not support 2.4 Linux kernels, only 2.6 is supported.
Compiler Construction is an area of computer science that deals with the theory and practice of developing programming languages and their associated compilers.
The theoretical portion is primarily concerned with syntax, grammar and semantics of programming languages. One could say that this gives this particular area of computer science a strong tie with linguistics. Some courses on compiler construction will include a simplified grammar of a spoken language that can be used to form a valid sentence for the purposes of providing students with an analogy to help them understand how grammar works for programming languages.
The practical portion covers actual implementation of compilers for languages. Students will typically end up writing the czoło end of a compiler for a simplistic teaching language, such as Micro.
External links
Compiler Construction at the University of New England
This is a term used in the areas of information security, IT security, network security and computer security.
Collaboration Oriented Architecture is a concept used to describe the image of a computer organizm that is designed to collaborate, or use services, from systems that are outside of your locus of control. Collaboration Oriented Architecture will often utilize Service Oriented Architecture to deliver the technical framework.
Collaboration Oriented Architecture is the ability to collaborate between systems that are based on the Jericho Arena principles or “Commandments”.
Bill Gates and Craig Mundie (Microsoft) clearly articulated the need for people to work outside of their organizations in a secure and collaborative manner in their opening keynote to the RSA Security Conference in February 2007.
Successful implementation of a Collaboration Oriented Architecture implies the ability to successfully inter-work securely over the Net and will typically mean the resolution of the problems that come with de-perimeterisation.
Contents
//
Origin of the term
The term Collaboration Oriented Architectures was defined and developed in a meeting of the Jericho Arena at a meeting held at HSBC on the 6th July 2007.
Definition of a Collaboration Oriented Architecture
The key elements that qualify a security architecture as a Collaboration Oriented Architecture are as follows;
Protocol: Systems use appropriately secure protocols to communicate.
Authentication: The protocol is authenticated with user and/or układ credentials).
Federation: User and/or systems credentials are accepted and validated by systems that are not under your (locus of) control.
Network Agnostic: The stylistyka does not rely on a secure network, thus it will operate securely from an Intranet to raw-Internet
Trust: The collaborating organizm have the capacity to be able to confirm to a specified degree of confidence that the components in a transaction chain have.
Risk: The collaborating systems can make a risk assessment on any transaction based on the communicated levels of required trust, based on the required degree of identity, confidentiality, integrity, availability.
Authentication in a Collaboration Oriented Architecture
Working in a collaborative multi-sourced environment implies the need for authentication, authorization and accountability which must interoperate / exchange outside of your locus / area of control.
People/systems must be able to manage permissions of resources and rights of users they don't control
There must be capability of trusting an organization, which can authenticate individuals or groups, thus eliminating the need to create separate identities
In principle, only one instance of person / ustrój / identity may exist, obuwie privacy necessitates the support for multiple instances, or one instance with multiple facets, often referred to s personas
Systems must be able to pass on security credentials /assertions
Multiple loci (areas) of control must be supported
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
In computer science, worst case complexity is a performance measure of an algorithm. It is defined as the maximum of the complexity measure of the algorithm over all possible input instances of the same size. The most commonly used complexity measure is the running time and the size refers to the number of bits of the input instance. However, the complexity measure can also refer to amount of memory used, number of packets sent over a network, or any other performance measure. Similarly, size of an input instance can be measured differently, e.g., if the input of an algorithm is a graph, size can refer to the number of its vertices.
See also
Average case complexity
This computer science-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from ""
Categories: Computer science stubs | Computer science | Analysis of algorithmsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2008 | All articles lacking sources
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008)
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.
Please help improve the article with a good introductory style.
Pythagoras is an Open source multi-sided Wywiadowca based szablon (ABM) created to support the growth and refinement of Project Albert. Anything with a behavior can be represented as an szpieg. The interaction of the agents and their behaviors can lead to unexpected or emerging group behaviors, which is the primary strength of this type of modeling approach. As Pythagoras has grown in capability, it has been applied to a wide variety of tactical, operational and campaign-level topics in conventional and irregular warfare.
Contents
//
Capabilities
Pythagoras offers a unique set of capabilities in the area of agent-based simulations:
• Incorporates soft rules to distinguish unique agents
• Uses desires to motivate agents into moving and shooting
• Includes the concept of affiliation (established by sidedness, or RGB color value to differentiate agents into members of a unit, friendly agents, neutrals, or enemies
• Allows for behavior-changing events and actions (called triggers) that may be invoked in response to simulation activities
• Retains traditional weapons, sensors, and terrain
Example Application
Irregular Warfare Pythagoras is best employed to study situations that are not well represented in traditional, legacy simulations. An illustrative example is an Improvised explosive attack on a vehicle convoy. Figure 1 shows a convoy of blue vehicle agents traveling down a road in an urban setting. There are three improvised explosive device agents emplaced along the roadside, and a triggering wywiadowca along side the building. The convoy agents are told to follow one another, except for the leader kret at the head of the column, whose behavior is to drive along the road.
Figure 2 shows the situation after two of the vehicles have passed the corner of the building, 13 time steps after Figure 1. The triggering agent’s behavior is to watch for blue vehicles. Upon seeing two vehicles, the triggering wywiadowca orders the IEDs to change their behavior from completely passive (do nothing) to aggressive (attack!). The IEDs explode, killing two convoy vehicles, which become transparent, and damaging two others, which change their color. The IEDs did not attack the convoy until ordered to do so by the triggering kret. This simple scenario was constructed by one analyst in about two hours, and illustrates both the ease of use and the applicability of Pythagoras to many combat and non-combat analysis situations. This scenario was used to examine alternatives for convoy protection, such as IED
Background
Agent-based simulations create software entities that are capable of responding to their perceived or actual situations based upon sets of decision rules. The interactions among different agents can create autonomous and emergent (i.e., unplanned and unforeseen) behavior. Pythagoras introduces new capabilities to modeling and simulation, such as “soft” decision rules, dynamic affiliation, behavior-change triggers, and non-lethal weapons effects.
Soft decision rules may create szpicel behaviors that emerge as unique within any class of agents that were originally defined as identical (except for incidental variables such as szpicel location).The soft decision rules can have a narrow range, indicating a well disciplined, homogenous group whose decision rules are similar or identical, or they can have a wide range, providing for significant variation among individuals. Soft decision rules can be used with all of an agent’s attributes, as well as leadership style and effectiveness, marksmanship, engagement desire, group affiliation preferences and other characteristics of the agent.
Dynamic affiliation allows agents to change sides as a function of events and actions that occur as the simulation plays out. One szpicel can change another agent’s affiliation using influence techniques, such as agitacja, through one-time actions that happen to the szpicel, or affiliation changes may simply evolve across multiple actions.
Behavior-change triggers allow agents to change their behavior as a function of events or actions. Agents can change from aggressive to passive behaviors as their attributes change or due to some action taken by a friend or enemy. Behavior changes can be induced by individual events, group events, or can be ordered by leader agents. There is no zakres to the number of behaviors that can be defined by the user. These alternate behaviors can be chained together to create complex behavior trees. Non-lethal weapons not only cause suppression, they may also change the affiliation or attributes of an kret. Suppression causes an szpieg to cease activity for a miesiączka of time. The changed attributes or affiliations may cause a behavior change trigger to occur or may cause other agents to interact with the changed szpieg in a different way. Pythagoras retains many legacy simulation capabilities. It includes direct and indirect fire weapons, sensors, communication devices and terrain. Agents can represent people, weapon systems, or other objects. Both traditional combat and new, non-combat scenarios can be represented.
Latest Improvements
Pythagoras is continuously being improved with new features and capabilities. It has recently added generic resources, generic attributes, communication devices, and expanded its recording of various measures of effectiveness for post-run analysis.
Multiple Generic Resources: The resources can be expended, created, transported and replenished, allowing Pythagoras to be used to study problems of logistics and distribution. Multiple echelons of supply can be represented. The fuel resource may be required for a unit to be able to move. Resource levels can cause changes in behavior.
Multiple Generic Attributes: Attributes can be changed across actions/events, and can be used to represent both physical aspects of an bezpieczniak, such as fatigue, and emotional aspects, such as fear or odwaga. These attributes can be changed in many different ways. For example, attributes may change as a function of events that happen to an individual szpicel, such as losing its leader or an event that happens to the agent’s group, such as taking excessive casualties. Weapons that convey influence, such as a bull horn, could change the agent’s attributes. Once the attributes exceed a preset threshold, the szpicel may adapt a new behavior to reflect this change. A frightened kret, for example, may bankructwo from the enemy if its attribute representing fear reaches a certain level. Attributes can also be used as counters for triggering low frequency events and to facilitate weapon/target pairing.
Multi-channel Communications Devices: Pythagoras’ agents can pass information through a user-created network. The information not only includes information about other agents, obuwie may also include attribute changes which will be applied to the receiving agent(s). User Created MOEs: Users can now write their own measures of effectiveness capturing software and add them to the library. Pythagoras will automatically detect the addition of the measure and create the interfaces between the agents and the recording software, allowing the user to capture the information as often as needed.
Play Forward Visualization Tool: The six displayed characteristics (x-y location, red, green, blue colors and transparency) can be mapped to any of these original six characteristics, the ów new generic attributes, health, the three generic resources, or fuel. This capability allows the user to watch the scenario unfold in many different dimensions. These recent improvements to Pythagoras have enabled more abstract scenarios to be constructed which include psychological operations, population dynamics and irregular warfare. In these scenarios, population segments influence one another through changes in their attributes caused by influencing communications. Military forces add their own influences through actions such as humanitarian assistance and disaster płaskorzeźba, whose influence then ripples through the population.
Applications
The diverse set of applications modeled with Pythagoras attest to its versatility and utility. Pythagoras has been used to study improvements to squad echelon night vision equipment in a peacekeeping scenario. It has been used to study tactics, techniques and procedures in response to a weapon of mass destruction attack on a military installation. Students at the Naval Academy have used it to study historical battles as diverse as The Battle of Ia Drang (one of the first US Army battles in Viet Nam), The Battle of Midway, and Chancellorsville. It was used to study tactics for using air-delivered ordnance to clear shallow water obstacles and mines. It is currently being used to support two different studies (one by Northrop Grumman and the other by students at the Naval Postgraduate School) of population dynamics in areas of the world where an insurgency is possible and the Marines are sent in to provide disaster płaskorzeźba after an earthquake.
Requirements
Pythagoras runs on a PC or any other platform that supports Java 1.5 and JAXB 2.0. It is particularly suitable for termin farming — executing large numbers of repetitions of parametric runs to identify areas of unexpected behaviors and nonlinear results in a coevolving landscape.
History
Its heritage traces back to Project Albert, an international project dedicated to research in the human aspects of warfare, such as intangibles, co-evolving goals and non-linear relationships.
Pythagoras originally began as a method by which the existing US Marine Corps-provided Archimedes forma could be enhanced, modified, or controlled to enable it to plajta large sprawa sets on multiple platforms and be analyzed via termin farming techniques on the Gilgamesh platform located at the Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC).
Retrieved from ""
Category: Computer scienceHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from February 2008 | All articles lacking sources | Wikipedia articles needing context | Wikipedia introduction cleanup
Real-time Adaptive Security is the network security wzornik necessary to accommodate the emergence of multiple perimeters and moving parts on the network, and increasingly advanced threats targeting enterprises. Adaptive security can watch a network for malicious traffic and behavioral anomalies, ferret out end point vulnerabilities, identify real-time changes to systems, automatically enforce end point protections and access rules, block malicious traffic, follow a compliance dashboard while providing audit termin, and so much more.
Among the key features of an adaptive security infrastructure are security platforms that share and correlate information rather than point solutions, so the heuristics ustrój could communicate its suspicions to the firewall. Other features include finer-grained controls, automation (in addition to human intervention), on-demand security services, security as a service, and integration of security and management termin. Rather than adding security to custom applications after they go operational, security models would be created at the estetyka phase of an app.
A major change with this wzór of real-time adaptive security is shifting authorization management and policy to an on-demand service that contains details and policy enforcement that matches compliance and can adapt to the user’s situation when he or she is trying to access an application, for instance.
Contents
//
References
Dark Reading article "Gartner Details Real-Time 'Adaptive' Security Infrastructure" (080603) highlightng Gartner's Neil MacDonald http://www.darkreading.com/security/perimeter/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=211201107
Commercial Real-time Adaptive Security Systems
Sourcefire|Sourcefire
IBM Sieć Security Systems|IBM ISS
External Resources
- "Gartner Details Real-Time 'Adaptive' Security Infrastructure" by Dark Reading (080603)
- SANS Institute Real-time Adaptive Security Webcast
Wieczor w parku chlopak czule szepcze dziewczynie do ucha:
- Kochana wypowiedz te slowa, ktore polacza nas na wieki.
- Jestem w ciazy!!!
Strajk analny.
Siostra wraca po przerwie do pokoju pielegniarek. Kolezanka zwraca jej uwage z lewa piers wystaje jej z fartucha
- Oh ci lekarze nigdy po sobie nie sprzataja